Lesbian Identity Politics and Associated Organizations Essay

Identity politics were a major part of social reform in the Sixties and Seventies. Yet, the advent of identity politic reform originates in the Fifties, a decade that saw the African-American Civil Rights Movement start to gain momentum. On the heels of the Civil Rights movement, we also see the Women’s Liberation Movement begin to gain steam, shortly thereafter followed by the Gay Liberation Movement. And as an offshoot of these reform movements, we observe the dawn of lesbian identity politics – a movement very much its own amongst its predecessors. One sect would come to be coined the â€Å"lavender menace† of feminism – a group of mostly Caucasian lesbians – followed later by the black lesbian feminist group, The Combahee River Collective.†¦show more content†¦After delivering the food, and being understandably annoyed with the task, she was belittled by a male protestor who would have her as a sexual reward for sitting-in. Black femini sts, such as those in the Combahee River Collective, experienced very similar discrimination in Civil Rights campaigns, especially groups like the Black Panthers. Just like Jay, many African-American women were used as sexual remuneration to men who did good work within their organizations. This patriarchy, antithetic to the goals of feminism, was the undoubted enemy of both these lesbian organizations - usurping it became one clear goal. The Combahee River Collective, though, did not feel separate from African-American men concerning race, yet, felt doubly oppressed by white patriarchy. Understanding that they connected with black men racially, yet struggled with them sexually, almost supplements the idea that white men – who controlled government and economy – were the ultimate oppressor. They did not feel they were separate, but rather, just opposed to black men along patriarchal lines. Inversely, the Collective connected with white lesbians against patriarchy, but were subjected to hierarchy within feminism as well as lesbianism. Secondly, we see that if well known reformists were not male, they were heterosexual, the epitome being Betty Friedan. This was the reason for the more specific goal of the two groups: battling hierarchy in addition toShow MoreRelated Repression and Fear of Gay, Lesbian, Bi-sexual, and Transgender Americans1610 Words   |  7 PagesRepression and Fear of Gay, Lesbian, Bi-sexual, and Transgender Americans Every June thousands of gay, lesbian, bi-sexual, and transgender people gather in different locations around the world to celebrate Gay Pride Month with dances, festivals, and marches. The categories of gay, lesbian, bi-sexual, and transgender are fairly recent; the term homosexual used to refer to all individuals of a sexual orientation other than heterosexual. 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In 1950, a homosexual man named Harry Hay and a group of homosexual activists decided that they were tired of being treated unequally just because of their sexual orientationRead MoreSexual, Gender, And Gender964 Words   |  4 PagesSex refers to biological identity male or female while gender refers to social expectation and behaviors assigned to each sex, but not everyone conform this expectation we can say that gender is based on self-concept and the way we interact with others this is formed through social life(family ,friends , religion , media†¦)where a lot of behaviors are shaped through what is socially accepted and what is not which for example even though many people are not naturally born into these gender expectationRead MoreGender Identification : An Exploration Of The Transgender Group1625 Words   |  7 Pagesof knowledge and societal acculturation of this group. 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Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Yogic Techniques for...

The topic I chose to focus on for my research Masters Project is â€Å"Exploring the therapeutic effects of yogic techniques for stress management†. I choose this topic because I am particularly interested in stress and anxiety-related mental and physical disorders with the use of yogic techniques. I also choose this topic as little is known about the beneficial effects of a yoga practice and self-care as an alternative to medication interventions. Within the area of Social Care, the use of yogic techniques can be extremely beneficial through creative approach for both service users and social care workers. The need for alternative approaches to self-care in the field of social care can be achieved through the use of yogic techniques to help with stress management. The health benefits of yoga can help to reduce stress and anxiety, enhancing mood and wellbeing and reduce the risk factors for chronic disorders. Yogic techniques relocate focus and attention to the body and breath and can help to calm anxiety while releasing physical tension. Overall, the use of yogic techniques can be used over a wide population of people, varying in all ages, gender and physical limitations. The need for alternative medicines in which individuals can learn self-care rather than the use of medications is needed. Stress and anxiety falls under the category of non-communicable conditions. They are not infectious but are long in duration and usually slowly progressive. They are estimated to account

Ecological Self Essay Example For Students

Ecological Self Essay Diversity is a whirlwind of color through a society. There are no two people in the world that are exactly alike. Individuality distinguishes one person or thing from others (Landau, 364 Ed). A persons environment as a whole: an interaction with others, experiences, and time, makes a collage of traits that distinguishes someone as an individual. David Sibleys theory of the Ecological Self or Identity is bound by his determents of social, cultural, and spatial context. Sibley believes that class, race, gender, and nation shapes our identity, it is a single concept that is molded by our experiences from the world. I do not agree with this claim because people are individuals, not a development of their surroundings. Identity is not a single concept, there are many factors that shape it, environment cannot just effect identity. Sibley is a British sociologist that has dedicated his life to the studies behind the Ecological Self. Sibley claims that the Ecological Self is not internal, it cannot be separated from the physical. The social positioning of the self means that the boundary between self and other is formed through a series of cultural representations of people and things which frequently elide so that the non-human world also provides a context for selfhood (Sibley, 250). The other, that is being spoken of, is also known as the Generalized Other. This is when we cannot separate from the physical and consider it to be the norm. How do I know who I am? Where do I fit in? Internal and external forces mold our sense of self. Heredity and personal moral are examples of internal forces. Children are often most effected by this. The forces of physical inheritance takes place mainly in childhood, though even as adults we have the possibility of dealing in our personal development (Grunewald, 2). Environmen t also plays an important role in the formation of self-identity. The surroundings, which can include people, places, and experiences, mold an individual into whom they become. The past shapes our identities, and builds from our experiences. It is our memories which help us make the connections, gives us the insights, and provides us with the sense of continuity, which is so important for our personal identity (http://ozcountry.com/life/tip5.html). When we go through times of crisis, massive changes, serious illness, deep conflicts or stress, our sense of self can be seriously challenged, particularly if we have not faced such experiences before. Rather than assuming that personal identity is permanent, static and secure we might see it better as our personalities are dynamic, evolving, fluid and changing. This will enable us to grow with lifes changes as we develop new skills, insight, attitudes, beliefs and values. We are never the same person (http://ozcountry.com/life/tip5.html) . Identity is a lifelong, continual process of identification with contexts. The final point made by Sibley was to what extent do individuals alter their identity to conform to social roles. To most, fitting in and being liked is a very important part of life. The way that others look at us is a part of our social standing. Everyone conforms in some way to simply fit in. College is an excellent example of the way that people conform. This is at a time that many begin to venture out and make decisions on their own. Many college students face the choice of whether or not they would join a fraternity or sorority. On college campuses being part of the in-crowd means that you are in a social organization. Students alter their identities and conform so that they are able to fit in and affiliate themselves with others. Individualism and Identity have many factors involved. There can not be just one cause that influences a person so greatly. I would like to see myself as a collection of interactions and experiences. The surroundings that I have encountered have had an impact on my life, but it is not the single determinate that makes the person that I am today. David Sibleys Ecological Self and the other related topics discussed, have some validity of defining the concept of self-identity. Social and Cultural expectations are not the only dominant forces that shape ones personality.WC:grunewald,peter.genetic engineering and medicine. 1997. 1 jan 2000. www. anth.orglandau, sidney, ed. The doubleday dictionary. doubleday co., inc. new york: bogus, 1975. .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 , .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 .postImageUrl , .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 , .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56:hover , .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56:visited , .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56:active { border:0!important; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56:active , .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56 .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u342225da1dfe6a6aa6c0a2152affdc56:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Advantages of Stupidity. Essaylife tips center. how do i know who i am? ozcountry.com Psychology

Secret Life of Bees Human Honeycomb Essay Example

Secret Life of Bees: Human Honeycomb Essay As humans, we tend to believe we are far superior to all other creatures, that we have nothing in common with anything thought of as ‘below us’. We are very wrong in thinking that. In the novel the Secret Life of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd, it is proven that though we do have differences, we are not so different from such a ‘simple’ creature as the bee. In the novel, Kidd compares a bee community, meaning their hives, to a human community, which could mean something as big as a town or city, or something as small as a family. She makes the reader realize that we are similar to bees in the way we treat life and crave love from others. She also, however, shows us how we differentiate in little ways like being able to replace a leader and the ability to hate. By comparing the two different communities, Kidd helps us understand the workings of life itself. Though humans see the differences between themselves and a little bee on a grand scale, there are still plenty of smaller scale differences that you have to think about. Unlike a human government, â€Å"A hive without a queen was a death sentence for the bees. We will write a custom essay sample on Secret Life of Bees: Human Honeycomb specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Secret Life of Bees: Human Honeycomb specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Secret Life of Bees: Human Honeycomb specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They would stop work and go around completely demoralized. †(286). In a human government, we elect a leader and someone to take their place should something happen to them. In a bee community, if a queen dies or leaves the hive, all the bees stop working and their society falls apart. There is also the emotion issue â€Å"I hate you! †(39). Humans possess the ability to feel and think for themselves, and one of our strongest emotions is hate. Bees do not hate other bees to our knowledge, and they are drones who work as a unit, not free-thinking individuals. Although humans and bees are obviously very different, we are very much alike as well. Many people would not believe that they are similar to a honey bee, but, in fact, they are. â€Å"The world was really one big bee yard, and the same rules worked fine in both places: Don’t be afraid as no life-loving bees wants to sting you† (92). The human world is similar to a bee yard because both are made up of small, structured communities that are run by a leader. And, much like the bees, if a human is happy and loves life, they are less likely to strike out at anyone. Even if bees do not possess hate, they can possess love â€Å"Above all, send the bees love. Every little thing wants to be loved. †(92). This quote is very true, no matter what or who you are, love is essential to your life. Whether you are communicating or just working along, making honey, love is extremely important. Humans and bees look and seem very different, but deep down we actually are very similar. Sue Monk Kidd compared human and bee societies because by highlighting the similarities and differences between the two, she helps us realize things about our everyday lives that we may not pay any attention to. Besides the obvious differences like species and size, we differ from bees because we can replace a fallen leader in a heartbeat and still have our society run smoothly. We also possess the ability to hate one another, where as bees do not. We do have similarities though, like whether you are a human or a bee who loves life, you are less likely to act negatively towards others because of that love of life. Bees and humans (along with everything else in the world) both greatly desire love as well. Next time, before you kill that ‘insignificant’ little bee, remember that he is not so different from you and spare him his life.

Seneca Belief on Banishing the Passions essays

Seneca Belief on Banishing the Passions essays I do not believe that one can completely banish their emotions. What one can do is control their emotions. I do believe that this is a sound principal for daily living. This can be done through the practice of philosophy. I conclude that emotions should not be banished, but rather controlled. This essay will deal with a quotation from Senecas letter XXXVIII On Allegiance to Virtue. (Seneca, Reader: 68) It will endeavor to explain this quote dealing with five of the main passions which Seneca wishes to banish. Quotation from Senecas letter XXXVIII, on Allegiance to Virtue In Senecas letter XXXVIII On Allegiance to Virtue, (Seneca, Reader: 68) Seneca writes: The passions, which are heavy task masters.....can be banished from you by wisdom, which is the only real freedom. .... If you would have all things under your control, put yourself under the control of reason.(Seneca, Reader: 70) In order to understand this statement, it is essential to break it down into smaller components. In the first sentence, Seneca speaks of the passions, (Seneca, Reader: 70) which according to Seneca are strong feelings of anger, lust, love, ambition and fear. Seneca states that the passions are heavy task masters. By this, Seneca means that the passions have you in their control; they control you as opposed to you controlling them. It takes much energy to release your self from the tight grip of love, lust, fear, anger and ambition. He says that the passions can be banished. (Seneca, Reader: 70) He does not want to kick the passions out, but rather banish them completely. Get rid of them altogether. Seneca says that the way to banish these passions is by wisdom (Seneca, Reader: 70). Wisdom according to Seneca is the source of knowledge that gives us control. It is the complete understandi...

Six Practical Tips to Find Clients

Six Practical Tips to Find Clients In June 2015 I swallowed my fear and pride and made the decision to call myself a writer. Since establishing my own writing business I have found success in two niches: writing articles for popular websites and writing blogs for corporate clients. Its no secret that the corporate clients I have are my real money-makers, and my source of steady income. Where are all these businesses that are willing to pay good money for a blog post? Follow these six tips and you will find more clients for your writing business too. 1. Â   Â   Â  E-mail potential clients. Sit down and write a list of 25 people you know who own a business and would benefit from a blog. Look through your Facebook and Twitter page. Ask your Mom if she knows of anyone. Then, write an email introducing yourself, the benefits of blogging, and exactly why you think this opportunity would benefit the individual business specifically. This email needs to be clear and concise and not feel like you sent it to 25 people. 2. Â   Â   Â  Offer incentives to current clients. If you are looking to build your client base it is a good idea to ask your current clients for some help. Once you feel youve established a good relationship with your client, approach them with an offer that they cant resist. For example, let your client know you are hoping to build your business and appreciate their trust and positive feedback. Then, offer them one free blog post per client referral. 3. Â   Â   Â  Use networking sites to build relationships. Use websites like LinkedIn and Facebook to network with potential clients. Share compelling information about the importance of online marketing and blogging to pique their interest. But make sure to take things one step further and reach out to those you are networking with. Introduce yourself and let them know you are available to talk more about your work and the value of your writing services. 4. Â   Â   Â  Introduce yourself to other popular writers Sometimes the way to break into the business is 5. Â   Â   Â  Put an ad in the paper. This may seem like an outdated idea, but the truth is many potential clients simply arent online. Consider putting an ad in your local paper letting people know you are a freelance writer specializing in corporate blogging. Make sure your advertisement is clear and professional, and consider hiring someone to make it for you. 6. Â   Â   Shout it from the rooftops. The best way to find potential clients is to look at every single person you come into contact with as a potential client. Keep a few business cards with you at all times. Let people know on all your social media platforms what you do. Chat with people at your local Starbucks and in the checkout line at the grocery store. Introduce yourself to your neighbors. Make sure everybody knows who you are and what you do, and watch your business grow. Now go out and use these tips to grow your client base. Come back here and let us know when you do!

An Investigation Of The Common Reason Special Education Students Fail Dissertation

An Investigation Of The Common Reason Special Education Students Fail To Graduate From High School - Dissertation Example ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Background 2 Problem Statement 12 Purpose of the Study 15 Research Questions 16 Scope of the Study 16 Limitations and Delimitations 17 Definition of Terms 20 Research Plan 21 CHAPTER TWO 25 LITERATURE REVIEW 25 Introduction 25 Overview 26 Institutional reasons for dropping out 39 School belonging and dropout rates 45 Special education services and dropout rates 48 Exit exams 50 Inclusion: Does it reduce dropout rates? 55 Teachers and inclusion 65 Dropout prevention programs 72 IEP programming 75 Transition programming 77 Programs attending to social and academic elements of student lives: Finn’s participation-identification model of school engagement-belonging 80 School belonging and engagement and special education 92 Case studies of best practice school engagement programs that have improved the retention level of special education students in high school 100 C onclusion 103 CHAPTER THREE 105 METHODOLOGY 105 Introduction 105 Research Questions 106 Design 107 Active Observation 113 Intensive Interview 115 Replication of the Study 117 The Researcher’s Role 118 Data Collection Procedures 118 In-depth Interviews 119 Qualitative Data Analysis 122 The Coding Process 123 Trustworthiness 127 Ethical Considerations 129 APPENDIX A 143 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION High School Dropout Concerns Educators, policy makers and researchers have consistently tied the achievement gap to the student dropout rate (Ladson-Billings, 2006). As a result, educators, parents, employers and policy makers have expressed concerned over the persistent high drop-out rate particularly among high school students (Burris & Welner, 2005). For instance, reports from the US Census Bureau...For instance, reports from the US Census Bureau indicate that over the last 20 years or so, high school rates in the US have steadily declined to such an extent that it reached 90% (Barton , 2006). There has been a corresponding decline in labor force numbers indicating that fewer and fewer under-educated persons are entering the workforce (Lee and Mather, 2008). Tyler and Lofstrom (2009) reviewed US student data and concluded that dropout rate consistently fluctuates between 22 and 25 percent. The Editorial Projects in Education (EPE) Research Center (2010) conducted a national report, which found that approximately 1.3 million youth drop out of high school every year. However, the White House (as cited in America’s Promise Alliance, 2009) reported the number as a slightly lower figure of 1.2 million. A quantitative review of statistics by Sum et al (2009) demonstrates that â€Å"the incidence of institutionalization problems among young high school dropouts was more than 63 times higher than among young four-year college graduates† (p. 9). The need for effective dropout prevention strategies is important because the increasingly significant gap between the student who leaves high school without earning his/her diploma and the high school graduate has increasingly widened since the 1970s with regard to career mobility, unemploy ment rates and wages.

Critically Analyse the Interpretation of Umbrella Clause in Investment Essay

Critically Analyse the Interpretation of Umbrella Clause in Investment Treaties - Essay Example investor in a host state.3 One such device is the umbrella clause. 2. Definitions of Umbrella Clause The umbrella clause is also known by other terms, such as the observance of undertakings clause, the observance of commitments clause, the pacta sunt servanda 4 clause, the sanctity of contract clause, and the mirror effect clause.5 There is no fixed wording for the clause, but it’s different manifestations are all to the effect that obligations are imposed upon the parties for those circumstances for which the contract had not specifically provided. The benefit of umbrella clause is that it can encompass all types of commitments whether express or implied, contractual or not contractual.6 The clause’s broadest version may be stated as: â€Å"Each Contracting Party shall observe any obligation it may have assumed with regard to investments.†7 As Dolzer & Stevens describes, the provision of umbrellas clause intends to ensure that contracting parties in an investmen t agreement should honour their commitments towards citizens or investors of other parts.8 Consequently, The effect of umbrella clauses is for arbitral jurisdiction to be extended more broadly to investment disputes that involve alleged default by the host state in meeting any obligation it owes to the foreign investor. Through umbrella clauses, therefore, the investor secures the state’s observance of its commitments. More state acts are thus brought â€Å"under the umbrella of protection of the treaty.†9 There are far-reaching effects of umbrella clauses, the most important of which is to extend violations of a contract relating to an investment to the status of treaty violations.10 The conventional concept of the umbrella clause was best put forward by Noble Ventures v Romania,11 which held that â€Å"the purpose of the parties in adopting an umbrella clause was ‘to equate contractual obligations governed by municipal law to international treaty obligations a s established in the BIT.†12 3. Evolution of Umbrella Clause Long before BITs were the norm and when investor-to-state arbitration was still unheard of, the only recourse of an individual who felt aggrieved by alleged illicit acts of the host state was by diplomatic protection. Traditional international law insulated governments against the direct claims of private persons (corporations and individuals), requiring aggrieved foreign investors to secure the consent of the host country before it may seek redress.13 It was a rule of customary law that a state may exercise its right of diplomatic protection only if a breach of international law has taken place, and its national has suffered some form of injury as a result thereof. The term umbrella clause was first used by an prominet international scholar Elihu Lauterpacht in a claim against Iran due to nationalisation of iranian oil fields when claim was made by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1953-54. Lauterpacht supported that an â€Å"umbrella treaty† would be implemented infringement of which would make the infringement if the

Case Study on Operational Management Essay Example for Free

Case Study on Operational Management Essay Confession: during my dating youth, no matter how much I liked a girl, no matter how much I wanted her and just her exclusively, I’d never tell her that purely for fear of looking weak and pathetic. If we were ever to move beyond the vague, undeclared status that characterizes every relationship in its early phase, well, that would be up to her. Most guys think this way. The problem with this strategy is that sometimes, a guy likes a woman so much that he’d rather not wait for her to initiate The Talk. Or, if you’re like me, you’re over 30 and generally cranky and impatient, so you’d like to know where things stand before too many months of amorphous pseudo-commitment go by. The challenge is to share your feelings in a way that will help you get what you want and won’t make you seem like you’re groveling and/or desperate. Here are some tips to keep in mind. Never just assume you’re exclusive This should seem obvious, but guys can still be presumptuous and make all kinds of embarrassing mistakes. â€Å"I was seeing this girl and I changed my Facebook profile to say ‘In a Relationship,’† admits PJ. â€Å"And she was like, ‘Who are you in a relationship with?’ I was like, ‘You!’ I could tell she wasn’t exactly happy about it.† The lesson: You have to get her to say â€Å"yes† to the idea of dating exclusively before you are in fact dating exclusively. This brings us to our next piece of advice†¦ Browse Local Singles at Match.com on Yahoo! I am a: Seeking a: Near: Make sure there’s a good chance she’ll say yes The conventional wisdom is that women are always ready to have a boyfriend. And maybe that was true during the Eisenhower administration. But in the present day of Facebook and the near limitless possibilities of online dating, it is just as likely a woman wants to have what is euphemistically known as â€Å"having fun.† â€Å"Be really careful if she’s just finished a long-term relationship,† says James, a chef. â€Å"Or if she doesn’t return your phone calls right away. If your calls are going right to voicemail, and she doesn’t call you back for like eight hours, she doesn’t want you to be her boyfriend.† Don’t go overboard The guiding principle in asking a girl to be your girlfriend is to not appear desperate: No matter how good your intentions, you may never recover from it. â€Å"My boyfriend bought me a necklace and literally got on his knees and asked me to be his girlfriend,† says Shelia, a web designer. â€Å"I said ‘yes,’ but it was a little much.† Even less dramatic overtures can still feel over the top. â€Å"I was at dinner with this girl, and I took her hand and said ‘You know I’m not seeing anyone else,’† says Zach, a lawyer. â€Å"I thought we’d have this romantic moment, but she just looked at me like I was crazy.† Bring it up casually Given that overboard gestures might make a woman uncomfortable, consider doing what most men do best anyway: asking in a more laid-back manner. Make sure the venue in which you’re asking is mellow as well — no fancy dinners, no propositions in front of family, and so on. Remember: You want to be in the kind of circumstances where her saying â€Å"no† won’t leave you feeling like a dolt for an extended period of time. â€Å"I think while you’re walking her home or driving her home is good,† says Eric. â€Å"That way you’re not stuck at some restaurant with this giant rejection hanging over you if she says no.† So how should you cough it up? A simple â€Å"Hey, I’ve been wondering whether we should date each other exclusively. What do you think?† should work just fine. It reveals your intentions, and yet leaves the door way open for her to say no thanks, she’s not ready for that yet. Another natural segue is if introductions will soon be in order — say, she’s meeting your friends and you’re wondering if you can say she’s your girlfriend. Or consider my friend Rebecca’s story: for around six weeks, she’d been dating this guy who was on break from grad school. â€Å"Then one weekend he was about to leave to go back to school,† she recalls. â€Å"And right before he left he said, ‘By the way, when I tell my friends about you, can I call you my girlfriend?’ I loved that!† Consider ending the relationship if she says no This is a good idea for two reasons. First, there’s nothing sadder than hanging around a girl who wants you a whole lot less than you want her. Remember high school, when you were in love with the girl who only wanted you as a friend? Well, it’s worse, since you’re getting enough relationship crumbs from the table to keep you involved, but not so few that you’re moving on with your life and trying to meet someone new. Second, by moving to end the relationship, you force her to consider life without you†¦ and she has to decide if that’s doable for her. Women are stereotypically the ones who use this tactic: â€Å"Marry me or I’m out of here;† â€Å"We need to settle down or I need to move on,† etc. And the only time we realize how much we love and need them is when they’re out the door. So learn from women. If you’ve done everything else right — you’ve asked her casually, you’ve made sure all the signs that she likes are there, and she still says no — tell her â€Å"I think you’re great, but I’m interested in something more serious.† You might leave with a heart that heals fairly quickly. Or you might get a call from her within a week or two, asking if when she tells her friends about you, she can call you her boyfriend. Steve Hamilton is a New York City-based freelance writer.

Using the Biological Approach to Explain Lottery Addiction in Children :: essays research papers fc

Using the Biological Approach to Explain Lottery Addiction in Children Britain is producing a generation of child gamblers hooked on the Lottery and fruit machines. Disturbing research by two eminent academics shows that hundreds of thousands of children-some as young as 11- are now addicted despite the supposed legal restrictions. The findings will fuel warnings from lottery critics that the country is storing up social problems and is likely to trigger pressure for a uniform age limit of 18 on all gambling." (Reproduced from AQA A specimen material.) In the A level examination you will be required to explain a target behaviour using any approach. The aim of this activity is to offer you, the candidate, the opportunity to express your true understanding of the approach by your ability to use it in a novel situation. How would you explain lottery addiction in terms of the biological approach? The currency of the biological explanation is brain activity or brain anatomy, nervous impulses and neurotransmitters, hormones, and various organs in the body. A possible explanation could be as follows: (a) Why are young people hooked on the lottery and fruit machines? A psychologist might use the biological approach to explain this behaviour. Such a psychologist would explain the behaviour in terms of brain activity and the action of the central and autonomic nervous systems. The psychologist might also mention hormones. An answer like this would attract relatively few marks as it does little more than sketch out the possible elements of a biological explanation and has not demonstrated a true understanding of the approach. In order to do this you really need to try to put together an explanation of the target behaviour. (a) An explanation of lottery addiction using the biological approach would focus on how biological systems can be used to explain and understand this behaviour. When an individual stands in front of a fruit machine the flashing lights are physiologically arousing, creating a sense of excitement and probably pleasure. Physiological arousal causes the body to produce certain hormones that prepare the person for fight or flight. We can also understand the individual's behaviour in terms of nervous impulses. The eyes watch the pictures on the fruit machine go round and send impulses to the brain where they are interpreted and further messages sent to the hands to press a button at an appropriate moment to stop the machine. In the A level examination you will be given an opportunity to evaluate one of your explanations so you can take the opportunity, as below, to indicate in what way the explanation offered in the first part of the question is lacking.

Health Risks Associated with Technology Essay

The widespread use of technology has led to some important user health concerns. Some of the more common physical health risks are repetitive strain injuries, computer vision syndrome, and muscular pain. These injuries are on the rise of technology. A repetitive strain injury (RSI) is an injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, and joints. Technology-related RSIs include tendonitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Tendonitis is inflammation of a tendon due to repeated motion or stress on that tendon. CTS is inflammation of the nerve that connects the forearm to the palm. Repeated or forceful bending of the wrist can cause tendonitis or CTS of the wrist. Factors that cause these disorders include prolonged typing or mouse usage and continual shifting between a mouse and keyboard (Jones 45-48). If untreated, these disorders can lead to permanent physical damage. Computer vision syndrome (CVS) affects eyesight. Symptoms of CVS are sore, tired, burning, itching, or dry eyes; blurred or double vision; distance blurred vision after prolonged staring at a display device; headache or sore neck; difficulty shifting focus between a display device and documents; difficulty focusing on a screen image; color fringes or afterimages when looking away from a display device; and increased sensitivity to light. Eyestrain associated with CVS is not thought to have long-term consequences (Anderson and Dean). People who spend their workday using the computer sometimes complain of lower back pain, muscle fatigue, and emotional fatigue. Lower back pain sometimes is caused from poor posture. It is advisable to sit properly in a chair while working and take periodic breaks. Users also should be sure their workplace is designed ergonomically. Ergonomic studies have shown that using the correct type and configuration of chair, keyboard, display device, and work surface helps users work comfortably and efficiently and helps protect their health (Sanchez). Many physical health risks are associated with using technology. These risks include repetitive strain injuries, computer vision syndrome, and muscular pain. Users should take as many preventive measures as possible  to avoid these risks. Works cited Anderson, Cricket Finley and Stacy Anne Dean. â€Å"Computer Pains.† The Medical Update

Catching Fire

Catching Fire by Suzanne Collins, this book is number two of the Hunger Games series. This book over all was pretty good and I think I’m going to read the 3rd. Before I start to give my reasons for the words I want to say why I used the colors I did. I used a black back ground because she is being thrown into this unknown world again when she really should be living a life of luxury but because she outsmarted the game makers this is what she gets.I used Red yellow and orange for the colors of the words because of the books name, how it looked against the black and the book is overall about fighting and when I think of fighting and death those are some of the colors that come to mind. I picked the word I did because I felt they really had mixed meanings in the book. What I mean by this is that things can be good and bad all at the same time. Rebellious is one of the most impotent words because the book has mostly to do with rebellion.Katness’s mocking jay it self has bee n a sign of rebellion because the people love what she did in the hunger games last time and the capitol is going to try and make sure that it doesn’t happen again. Battle and rebellious go hand in hand with Katness. That is here personality in general not just laying down and giving up in the hunger games when she was all alone hunting in the woods even though she could have been caught and whipped just like gale was.It’s just the person she is and through out the whole book. I think Killed is also a good word to describe this book. This is a word with mixed meanings. Peeta is dead it’s a bad and a good thing. Its bad because he’s dead and that just not good but its also good because Katness can stop pretending to have this love with Peeta even though it is very clear that she is in love with gale.It lets her be true to her self and gale witch is very important because she is not one who likes to live a lie. Brave is also another great word to describe a lot of people in this book. The hunger games is a hard thing to go through knowing that you could be killed at any time and there’s not much you can do about it is a hard thing. Also Katness and Peeta going up against people who have been training there whole life for the games just inset fair.

American Womens Experiences essays

American Women's Experiences essays During the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, American women had a wide variety of experiences. Rural women were moving to the cities to take industrial jobs, there were many immigrant women coming to the country for new opportunities, and working with progressive movements such as socialism and the suffragists. The country was becoming increasingly industrialized and more people were moving to the cities to find work in factories, manufacturing plants, and other businesses. Families were leaving the country to come to the city for better opportunities, and young women were going to the cities to find jobs. Young women were also coming from other countries for the opportunities available in the United States. The New Manifest Destiny promoted business and industry over agriculture, and it promoted building up the military and other interests abroad, and this brought a more diverse group of people into business and industry, and opened up some doors for women as clerks and secretaries in business. The arts were also flourishing, and more women were becoming writers and artists. Women like Susan Glaspell, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and Louisa May Alcott were writing stories about strong women or the woman's plight in Victorian society, and they were using literary styles such as modernism and realism to show the true lives of women everywhere. It was becoming more acceptable for women to participate in the arts, as well, and some women's success at writing and other artistic endeavors encouraged others to try their hand as well. Women were becoming much more involved politically, as well. Women were fighting for their own rights, but also for civil rights for blacks, as well. There were many famous reformers, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony who fought tirelessly for women's rights including the right to vote. This period was a time of great change for the country, and it was a time of...

Aphrodite - Goddess of Love and Beauty

Aphrodite - Goddess of Love and Beauty The Greek goddess Aphrodite may have been an import from the Near East where Sumerian and Babylonian goddesses played a part in love, fertility, and war. For the Greeks, Aphrodite was goddess of love and beauty. Although Aphrodite bore children to the messenger and war gods, is considered married to the blacksmith god, and was otherwise engaged in activities suitable to the immortals, she also played an active role in the lives of man. She could be helpful or hurtful with gifts of love and lust, depending. Who Is Aphrodite?: Aphrodite Profile gives you the basics of Aphrodite goddess of love and beauty, including her family and major myths associated with her. Aphrodite Meddles: Aphrodite Meddles in Mortal Affairs identifies the metamorphoses, deaths and marriages caused by Aphrodites interference in mortal affairs. Cupid and Psyche Here is my re-telling of the love story of Cupid and Psyche, the charming romantic story in which the goddess Venus (Aphrodite) plays a villainous role to try to keep her son from the mortal women he loves.   Also see the Bulfinch version of Cupid and Psyche. Bulfinch retells Venus Profile: To the Romans, Aphrodite was Venus, but there were other aspects of the Roman goddess of love. Read about the fertility aspect and rituals associated with Venus. Venus Basics Venus is the Roman goddess of spring whose worship overlapped the Greek goddess Aphrodite. Read the basics on Venus. The Modest Venus There was more to Venus than love and beauty. She was also one of the goddesses in charge of modesty. Love Goddesses: In Love Goddesses, read about the top ancient love goddesses. Beauty (or attraction), promiscuity, fecundity, magic, and an association with death are some of the attributes associated with love goddesses. Surprisingly, warfare was also an attribute of some love goddesses. Adonis: Read the love story of Adonis and Aphrodite, which ends with the death of Adonis, as told in The Metamorphoses of Ovid. Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite: The generally short hymns (called Homeric Hymns, although they were not written by the epic poet Homer) to the ancient gods and goddesses reveal much of what the ancient Greeks thought about them. Read an English translation of one of them, Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite V that reveals which gods were impervious to her charms. Online Resources on Aphrodite Goddess: AphroditeCarlos Parada lists the many mates of Aphrodite and her interventions in human affairs, as well as three versions of her birth, and her offspring. AphroditeAphrodites birth, parents, spouse, and an image.

Social psychology essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Social psychology essays - Essay Example because of technical ineptitude in the fingerprinting or DNA laboratory for example, perjured testimony, eyewitness misidentification, and also because of overzealous law enforcement officers who are eager to close the case and mete out justice. A courtroom is a place wherein many evidence are presented that are at best circumstantial and are then judged by ordinary people if it works for or against the defendant—a room wherein people not experts at lie detection weigh witness testimonies. Thus, wrongful convictions are not unexpected as the justice system is composed of imperfect human beings. Some states wherein there is a high rate of erroneous convictions have already enacted bills to address this problem. Because the United States rely on juries to ultimately decide on a person’s guilt, I believe that there should be a seminar or lecture regarding lie detection in order to minimize wrongful convictions. The jurors should be fully aware of what their decision could mean and what the evidences signify. In this way, they can create a more educated verdict. They are better equipped to intelligently weigh the evidences and testimonies that are presented during the trial. The polygraph relies on the physiological changes in the body, like pulse and blood pressure, to detect deception. It starts with a series of control questions to set the tone like â€Å"What is your name?† This is then followed by an explanation of what the polygraph is and what it does. Next comes the â€Å"stim test† wherein the person attached to the polygraph will be asked to lie so that the tester can see if the machine has picked up on this lie and is working properly. Then the test itself ensues. The questions alternate between some that are irrelevant, some control questions, and those that are relevant to the case. If the tester is not satisfied with the results, there is a post-test interview that is conducted. The polygraph has been known as the lie detector test that some highly

Implementing Pricing Strategies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Implementing Pricing Strategies - Term Paper Example Moreover, fixed costs and prices are those which are essential for running any business. Hence, these contributions are mandatory for any individual. If an individual is operating any business enterprise, the remunerations, rent and raw material cost among others are considered as overhead or fixed costs. Besides, the employees and general public also gives rise to certain fixed costs and prices such as insurance cost, health cost and medical cost among others. Therefore, fixed costs and prices can be referred to as those expenses which do not change with any alterations in the function of the business. Thus, it can be affirmed that fixed cost and prices relates to those components which are essential for measuring contribution (Avis, 2009). Apart from these, fixed cost and prices charged are also necessary in case of marketing. It facilitates in predicting the earnings of a business generated by varied modifications in ‘unit sales’ as well as the impact of anticipated p romotions. Hence, both cost and price play a significant role in contribution. In addition, these uncertain variables might prove indecisive due to changing needs and demands of customers. When the demand of a particular product or service is high, the amount of contribution might also be increased in order to attract the premium group of customers. It would enhance the market share and profitability of an organization as well as improve the brand identity. Similarly the contribution percentage or investment should be lowered at the saturation stage of a product or service to avoid incurring huge loss. Thus, it can be avowed that determination of uncertain variables such as cost and price is entirely based on the demand of product or service (Bloom, Bond & Reenen, 2007). Hence, these tentative components should not be considered as fixed, because it entirely depends on the demand fluctuations in the market with high possibility of changing values. Question 2 Pricing strategy is refe rred as the idea of implementing an optimum price, based on the features of the particular product or service. The prime objective behind the notion of shaping pricing strategy is to capitalize profit thereby enhancing the total sales of specific product or services. There are varied types of prices such as ‘cost-plus-pricing’, ‘skimming pricing’, ‘penetration pricing’, ‘value-based pricing’ and ‘target pricing’ among others. Moreover, the pricing strategies are mainly implemented based on the competition of product or services in the market. In addition, price of products and/or services help to determine the sustainability and consistency of a brand in the market among others. Thus, it can be affirmed that pricing policy is one of the significant decisions of product or service of an organization. However, at times, determination of pricing strategies of products and/or services also creates conflict among the employ ees of an organization thereby hindering their dedication towards work. Hence, pricing strategies also hamper enthusiasm and employee morale which might prove detrimental for an organization (Avis, 2009). Pricing strategy is a tool which is utilized in order to enhance the profit of an organization augmenting the demand of products and/or services in the market. Moreover, at times, experienced managers also had to change the

Agency or in house advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Agency or in house advertising - Essay Example Before coming to the question whether ‘I’ll Run for You’ should pursue outside advertising agency or in-house advertising agency, some critical factors are needed to be considered. Based upon the analysis, it is advisable that ‘I’ll Run for You’ should pursue outside advertising agency. The prior mentioned major reasons reveal that it is not applicable for ‘I’ll Run for You’ to run its own advertising agency. Needs & Resources Since the decision of advertisement responsibility for ‘I’ll Run for You’ is suggested to be an outside advertising agency, therefore no substantial resources are required. If Darla would had been recommended to pursue in-house marketing and advertising campaign then required resources would be considered such as hiring and training of employees, Research and Development etc. However, Darla needs a significant amount of cost to bear in order to make payment to the outside advertisin g agency. Therefore, the only concern or ‘need’ for Darla is to ensure her company can bear the required amount of upfront cost for outsourcing its advertising. Pros & Cons of In-house Advertising Department.Pros:†¢ Timeliness; a strong in-house analytics team can provide refresh software models monthly. New business information related to a business or its competitors can quickly be adjusted into these models †¢ Transparency and Consistency; an in-house process of advertisement allows a business to develop, validate and supervise the marketing analytics. †¢ Data Assets; A centralized advertising system can evolve over the period to incorporate valuable and new data sources. †¢ Enterprise Knowledge; In-house advertising allows a business to advertise in a convenient manner.... Data Assets; A centralized advertising system can evolve over the period to incorporate valuable and new data sources. Enterprise Knowledge; In-house advertising allows a business to advertise in a convenient manner. The advertising department knows all of the information therefore advertisement is performed accordingly. Cons: Hiring and Recruitment; in order to meet the demand of top notch analytic talent, finding and hiring people with right skills can be very expensive as well as challenging. Upfront Costs; if resources are not available at that point of time, an upfront investment in data infrastructure and technology will be required. Time; establishing infrastructure, implementing software systems, hiring appropriate people can take years. It will take even more time to the business to reap the benefits of these investments. Pros & Cons of Hiring Outside Advertising Agency Pros: Better realization of revenues and increased returns on investments Labour cost gets lower and econo mies of scales are achieved Tapping into a knowledge of innovation Increases quality, delivery and speed of outsourced activities Cons: Chances of loss of control over the business processes of the company Shortcomings in performances Under realization of results and benefits Recommendation ‘I’ll Run for You’ is a start up business. If the company tries to keep every department under its control, then it might lead to an increased cost to the company. Therefore, primarily in order to avoid increased costs, the company must outsource its advertising department. It is recommended that ‘I’ll Run for You’ should relinquish its advertising department to an experienced advertising company, which can perform better professional services. Next Steps Agencies Available

The Analysis Of Pz Cussons Website Marketing Essay

The Analysis Of Pz Cussons Website Marketing Essay E-commerce has the capacity to improve existing businesses and also expand operational efficiency. However, in the wake of fierce competition, businesses are forced to be at their best as competitors are just a click away. (Xia Yang et al 2003) The limitless potentials of the internet in todays world have revolutionized the way business is done all over the globe thus making the world a global village. The thrust of this paper critically overviews the web site of PZ Cussons as a communication medium; in line with e-business management theory, the paper discusses issues bordering on advertising and branding. PZ was founded in 1879 by George Paterson and George Zochonis in which they set up a trading post in Sierra Leone. By 1899, they opened their first branch office in Nigeria (http://www.pzcussons.com/pzc/about/ourhistory/). The company has recorded remarkable achievements since then. The company majors on manufacturing leading brands of household items from soaps to milk. With the emergence of the World Wide Web, PZ Cussons is poised to take its business to the next level by taking advantage of technology. Needless to say that with the advent of e-business PZ Cussons should do even better. In todays world, it would be difficult to extricate a companys success from its website as this can either attract customers or repel them depending on customer relationship techniques employed by the web designer. The consistent growth in technological advancement and inventive initiatives has made tremendous impact and also made e-advertising interactive, exciting, and affordable to businesses. This paper analyses the website of PZ Cussons in relation to its competitors and highlights how PZ Cussons can benefit from vast potentials of the internet in advertising and promotion as well as building a better brand. Advertising Research has shown that much of what is expected from a website is largely dependent on the consumer. Lu and Yeung 1998 suggests that human to computer interface design factors are applicable to commercial web applications. However, the nature of the business and the way the business is done has to be taken into consideration when developing a web site. Putting together and responding to consumer feedbacks are an important part of communication activities when attempting to convert a first time buyer to a potential customer, as such fostering an online relationship. (Berthon et al 1996) In a bid to explore empirical studies and dimensions created basically for research on advertising, past works have attempted to forecast consumers behaviour towards internet advertising. It has been observed that culture or beliefs play a more pivotal role in consumers purchase intention rather than other factors like creativity, market size or internet usage. (Yang 2003). With the advent of e-commerce, PZ Cussons have taken up the initiative to advertise its company on the web, however, a lot of issues regarding the website would be discussed in the course of this paper. The process of ensuring that a site visitor becomes a customer and is retained is actually a proactive approach that can be stimulated by interactive features on the site (Geissler 2001). For most businesses, the home page in itself is an advertisement (Singh and Dalal 1999). The appearance of a home page can either engage a customer to go further or make the customer go elsewhere. It is imperative for the company or web designer to make the site as interactive as possible to enable businesses gain higher customer retention. Even as advert placement on web sites has become a normal occurrence in e-business world, it is noteworthy to comprehend internet advertising and understand consumer reactions or behaviours to advert placement on the internet. It is a well known fact that those who are optimistic about advertising are likely to be convinced by advertising (Mehta 2000). If a web site is very effective, it would always encourage first time visitors to the site to make a future purc hase of goods or services offered for sale. Since its origin in early 1990s, the structure of internet advertising has progressed from banner ads, spam emails, interstitials, superstitials, site sponsorships, and involuntary browser relocations (Yang 2003). Adverts online have consistently come under criticism (Bulik 2000b) and have been often considered as unnecessary and imprecise (Hwang and Kranhold, 2000). It has been argued that there is no inter-relation between advertising and corresponding results such as sales or profits (OConnell, 2001). Some Benefits of Online Advertising The power of the internet cannot be overemphasised as its reach is global at a fast pace. Online advertising has identified new means of passing personalized messages to be conveyed to specific customers. Most people these days would rather spend more time online than read a conventional newspaper. As such, businesses are more likely to create a greater awareness from online advertisement. It has the capacity to properly segment customer base as well as measure the impact or effectiveness of an advert. Online advert gives the customer the opportunity of choice based on their knowledge of a companys product or services. Website Effectiveness Although a lot of work has been done in the overall area of e-business (Hoffman Novak, 2000; Kauffman Walden, 2001) however, to further drive down the issues with PZ Cussons web site, we would take a look at Nathan Heinz and Quing Hus web site measurement effectiveness technique to help analyse their internet advertising application. They classified web site measurement effectiveness technique into three categories which are; the interactivity metrics, the information metrics and the service metrics. (Heinz and Hu 2006) Interactivity involves a platform in which customer feedback is encouraged for optimum performance. It also includes the availability of search engines on the web site as well as live chat or blogs in order to get the customers candid opinion on products or services. It also maintains a data base for registered customers. Zhu and Kraemer (2002). Information involves true and precise information on the web site at a particular time. This refers to continuously updating clients with reliable information on goods or services offered for sale. For example the cost of product or services and updating photos of new stock etc. It also encompasses the concept of simplicity of information passed across and gives detailed analysis of product uniqueness and relevance. This, if communicated effectively would go a long way in retaining first time customers. Kim et al (2002); Barnes and Vidgen (2003). Service involves maintaining good customer care operations as well as responding to customer query or issues. It also involves timely processing of online orders and security of online transactions on a web site. It also involves intermediating with social networking sites like face book to maintain an online community for excellent customer service. Barnes and Vidgen (2003); Rust and Lemon (2001). Analysis Based on Theory When we closely observe the PZ Cussons web site based on these three classes of efficiency measurement, we can see that interactivity level is very low. Site navigation and interactivity are significant factors of system quality for web buyer satisfaction (McKinney et al 2002). There is the absence of chat rooms to encourage customer interactions of feedback on brands. Though there is a search engine in place it is however limited to the site instead of expanding search capability to other search engines such as goggle. On the information metrics, it has been observed that PZ Cussons does not update its web site quite often to notify customers of changes made to products or upcoming events. Liu and Arnett (2000) highlight information provision as a major factor in the success of e-business web sites. PZ Cussons produces a wide variety of brands and with competitors such as Proctor and Gamble and Nestle, a lot needs to be done in terms of quality of information and timeliness of delivery. The service metrics on PZ Cussons web site shows very customer biased attributes as the is the absence of an online register, no avenue for customer registration online so no opportunity for feedback on customer queries on brands, there is also no opportunity for placing online orders so the issue of timeliness of orders does not even arise. Quite clearly, PZ Cussons has been able to develop their brand name over the years but are yet to tap into the vast potentials of the web for a greater market share. Branding A brand has been viewed as a promise made by a company to its customers and not a name or statement (Sterne 1999). Given the emergence of the World Wide Web and the revolution in the way business is being done across the globe, it would be expected that the perception of brands would come under a new dimension (Rowley 2004). Also, Ward and Lee (2000) suggest that an effective online presence is pivotal to a brands online success. A brands website has the capacity to create an impression on the consumer (Muller and Chandon 2003). From the graphics and pictures to texts on a web page can either attract or put off potential buyers. Chiang, I-Ping (2008) also suggests that brand awareness can be used together with specific consumer requirements and consumer behaviours to better position online brands. Most small and large businesses across the globe today can boast of an online presence. However, creating an online presence is hardly enough as Porter (2001) suggest that creating an online presence at a point in time was a competitive advantage but today a web site requires more competitive and distinctive features in order to achieve competitive advantage. The elements of a web site can be classified in different contexts depending on the products or services being marketed on the web site. For instance a car manufacturers website cannot be designed in the same pattern as a fast food website. World brands seek to identify with values that are common to many communities such as safety, style and status and service, which can be classified in different ways in diverse national contexts (Rowley 2004). However, for the purpose of the analysis of PZ Cussons website we would analyse the following elements: Logo, Graphics, Colour, Texts, Currency and news (Rowley 2004). Logo A logo presents a graphic language and discipline for the clear, consistent reflection of a companys visual identity (Henrion and Parkin 1967). Although the PZ Cussons brand name has built a reputation for itself in Africa, Asia and Europe over the years, it has done very little to project its logo. Its red, blue and white logo remains in it simplest form. Some of its leading brands like Venus have become more popular than PZ Cussons as a result of its inconspicuous logo. The logo represents a companys corporate visual identity through official corporate symbol (Balmer 1995). It is believed that a company corporate identity transcends mere symbols and signs but relates more to issues like corporate culture. Graphics This refers to visual logos, pictures and other images that may depict a brands values on a website (Rowley 2004). There are not too many graphics on the PZ Cussons web site, the pictures are not holistic and does not reflect the charisma of the company. Also, the Web Content Accessibility Guideline reveals that the PZ Cussons website is using (WCAG WAI) 1.0 (1999) which is an outdated version. Colour The PZ Cussons website makes use of a white background with red and blue colours. This is a very common colour combination as millions of websites use this same colour combination. This does not give any uniqueness to the company web page. Text Text addresses the tone of voice, and determines whether a message is intellectual, understandable and necessary (Rowley 2004). Text typifies the brands individuality; it is the brands vocal cords. The words that are written carry the brands message and the font determines the approach of communication. The PZ Cussons website uses the Calibri body font, and a text size 11. This is considered to be quite small and depicts timidity. The words on the home page are too much and should have been more of pictures and less words. News This refers to allowing visitors to the site access to current news and information relating to products and happenings in the industry. The PZ Cussons web site however, is not being constantly updated. On the PZ Cussons front page, there is a column for latest news, but the news in question are actually stale. A lot needs to be done in that regard. Recommendation PZ Cussons has come a long way since its inception without doubt, with its acquisition of major companies and continued expansion but yet to tap into the vast prospect ability of the World Wide Web. A web advert can be for both infotainment and promotional activities (Diaz et al. 1996); however, PZ Cussons seem to only have tapped from using the web as an informative medium thus relegating the latter. PZ Cussons in a bid to further expand the global reach of its company can take advantage of the web and promote its leading household brand to continents like America and Australia, this must however be done with some of the following recommendations. PZ Cussons must realise that its website is its corporate identity to the world and a representation of its corporate image as such should take advantage of that medium to make it web site more interactive with site visitors. It can incorporate the use of live chats and blogs to gather customer feedback on its brands. It can also adopt the concept of an online register to enable it maintain a database of customers online. PZ Cussons must come to terms with the realities of digitization and begin to open up marketing and sale of its brands online. With the emergence of e-market places, grocery shopping can be done by the click of the mouse. There must also be consistent updates on product offers, special sales and product information and ensure maximum customer satisfaction. With the advent of social networking sites like face book and twitter, PZ Cussons must build an online community for its customers who can share brand experiences with friends and further expand their network. It is often difficult to distinguish between online and offline branding. However, online branding comes with a lot pros and cons as such it will be reminiscent to highlight the plausibility of online branding and its effect on businesses with an online presence. PZ Cussons operates as a promoter for leading other brands which are distributed through an organised distributive channel. The online presence merely transmits brand messages and houses information. PZ Cussons would need to take advantage of their online presence build a dynamic approach to marketing its brands online. Conclusion PZ Cussons has to come to terms with the cutting edge of technology. It must parallel its real world brand dominance with that of its online branding experience and as well deliver its promise to customers. PZ Cussons must use their online presence to create awareness for its brands and encourage customer rapport. There is a huge difference between businesses that do not use online channel in marketing their goods and service and those that use the online channel. PZ Cussons must take advantage of both online and offline channels to expand their reach. Given the publicity the internet generates, PZ Cussons can benefit from cost savings spent on television and print media adverts by channelling funds to a single and cheaper advertising channel.

The Role of Mrs. Hammond and Emily in Rebecca Rushs Novel Kelroy Essay

The Role of Mrs. Hammond and Emily in Rebecca Rush's Novel Kelroy In this day and age, women have liberties that are often taken for granted. Women have the freedom to choose which university they will attend (if they plan on attending college), what career they wish to pursue, and also whom their mate in marriage will be. In early American days, liberties of women were looked upon from society as being wealthy and holding high social status. Many did not have the opportunity to pursue a career, much less decide what university they preferred to attend. They were fortunate to even have the opportunity receive a higher education beyond reading! Choosing the right men for their futures ensured them the luxuries they wished to maintain. If they were not already included in "upper society," their chances of upward mobility were slim to none. If the family lost their fortune, their only salvation was to be married back into wealth, another slim to none chance. This is the reality Rebecca Rush clearly paints in Kelroy. Rush projects her jud gment on early American society and the role of women and marriage. Using the creation of two main characters, Mrs. Hammond and Emily Hammond, Rush is able to project her disapproval of society's ways through their opposing views and personalities. The opening of the novel begins with a transparency of American society. Rush quickly illustrates how "the good natured world" orchestrates. The reader is not disillusioned to the reality of the Hammond's society. A reality Mrs. Hammond herself is fully conscious of. "Still she retained an unabated relish for show and dissipation, which her knowledge of the world, on which she prided herself much, taught her could only be o... ... They are viewed as gossips only concerned with the display of proper mannerisms and fashions. Rush is able to enlighten readers to see that even though women were allowed little liberties, they could still provide a higher level of human nature. Something that neither liberty nor education can provide. Through Mrs. Hammond, she displays the outlook of society's views on women and how many women perceived it as their only reality. Through Emily, Rush is able to challenge society in all its vanity and selfishness. Emily represents the future aspiration of women and the mark they will leave for following what they know to be true, their hearts. Work Cited Murray, Judith Sargent. "On the Equality of the Sexes." Ed. Paul Lauter.The Heath Anthology of American Literature, third edition. Volume 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1992. 1058-1064.

Kant vs. Kierkegaard Essay

I also believe that the issue that I am discussing is deep, and therefore interesting. Its weaknesses would be its lack of quotes. The difficulty with this paper was trying to find the idea in the first place. It took me a lot of time to find deep similarities and differences between the two. It also took me some time to figure out how I would lay the essay out and how I would flesh the essay out. As this paper is not superficial, I found myself finding new ideas and problem as time passed. This gave me another problem as I always had to rethink and re-edit. The goals for my next paper are to include more quotes, as my papers lack evidence. My other goals are to carry on writing interesting and thought provoking papers. I aim to try to make my essays as clear as possible, as tackling deep issues can sometimes make the writing quite convoluted. Love of Duty vs. Love of Choice In their essays ‘Lectures on Ethics – Friendship’ and ‘Works of Love – Thou Shalt Love Thy Neighbor’, respectively, Kant and Kierkegaard both appear as idealists: They each portray a utopia in which friendship is universal. Kant believes that perfection can be achieved if people put love of mankind before love of oneself, and Kierkegaard believes that perfection can be achieved if you love everyone as if they were your neighbor. Ironically, both also contradict themselves: Kant contradicts his other idea that one will never be able to achieve the ideal of friendship, where partners share everything with each other. While Kierkegaard contradicts himself by saying a true Christian is completely selfless. This is a contradiction, as someone who is selfless cannot have a choice (free will), but as rational humans we do have a choice. Given these parallels, are these two thinkers ultimately offering us the same sense of utopia? No – in fact, Kant is a realist who uses a scientific approach to figure out what it means to be a friend, whereas Kierkegaard is a religious thinker who applies his religious morality on people. Their utopias look very similar on the surface, but their underlying methods to reach them are vastly different. Both Kant and Kierkegaard come from two very different backgrounds. Kant was born in Prussia, and was interested in physics and mathematics. He didn’t have a positive view of religion was also asked to stop teaching Theology at the University of Konigsberg by the government as he allegedly ‘misrepresented’ the principles of Christianity. This shows that Kant was a thinker independent of religion. Kant believed that â€Å"mankind’s final coming of age,† was â€Å"the emancipation of the human consciousness from an immature state of ignorance and error. † This is the opposite of Kierkegaard, as he was a devout Christian. Kierkegaard tried to incorporate religion (Christian morality) with reason. This is where he comes up with his idea of ‘loving thy neighbor’. Whereas Kierkegaard comes from a position that his way is the ‘right’ way, as it was mandated from God, Kant comes from a position which is influenced by Rousseau and Aristotle, in fact Kant’s idea of man having self-love and love for humanity comes straight from Rousseau’s book ‘The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality’. There is also a deeper difference: Kierkegaard’s religious morality implies duty, whereas Kant’s view on friendship implies choice. Choice lies at the heart of Kant’s philosophy. He says that man has two basic instincts: self-love and love for humanity (pity). These two instincts conflict with each other and only one can win. Kant believes that in an ideal world, all people would put love for humanity before self-love. This would create a world where love is reciprocated, and therefore man does not have to worry about losing his happiness. In essence, Kant’s version of a utopia is where man chooses to love humanity. This is vastly different to Kierkegaard’s version, where man has no choice, as it is his moral duty to love everyone as if they were his neighbor. Kierkegaard does acknowledge Kant in a way, by distinguishing between earthly love and spiritual love. He says earthly love (Kant’s type of love) is the exact opposite of spiritual love. He argues that a ‘poet’ (Kant) is absolutely right in saying that earthly love cannot be commanded. Kierkegaard believes that Christian love is better as it is ‘completely selfless’. For Kierkegaard, â€Å"Christian love teaches love to all men, unconditionally all. Just as unconditionally and strongly as earthly love tends towards the idea of there being but one single object of love, equally unconditionally and strongly Christian love tends in the opposite direction. If a man with respect to Christian love wishes to make an exception in the case of one man whom he does not wish to love, then such love is not ‘also Christian love,’ but it is unconditionally not Christian love. † (41) Kierkegaard also believes that it is quite liberating to be forced to love. As if the absence of choice creates peace. He believes that â€Å"it is encouraging in your relation to a distinguished man, that in him you must love your neighbor; it is humbling in relation to the inferior, that you do not have to love the inferior on him, but must love your neighbor; it is a saving grace if you do it, for you must do it† (50). Thus the difference between earthly and spiritual love is that earthly love is a choice and spiritual love is a command from God. Both Kierkegaard and Kant come to different conclusions because in their writing, their focus is on separate ideas. Kant, being a man of reason primarily, approaches his philosophy in a scientific manner. To explain, he breaks one thing into smaller things. Kant makes observations based on what he sees, hears, tastes, smells, and feels (like his three types of friendships). However, he does also make some conceptual assumptions (discussed earlier) such as his idea of putting love of humanity before self-love will cause reciprocation of friendship. Unlike Kierkegaard, Kant does not focus on religion as it is unnecessary for someone who is only interested in empirical observations. Kierkegaard however is not concerned with empirical observation, as he believes that there is something higher and more important i. e. Christianity. Kierkegaard concentrates more on morality and what he believes is right, instead of focusing on what is actually there. Kierkegaard doesn’t even talk about friendship in his writing. This shows that he places much more importance on what his religion says is right instead of trying to observe and deconstruct what friendship is. Although both philosophers have radically different ideas on how to achieve a utopian world, their ideas as an end result are very similar. They both want a world in which everyone loves everyone. The difference is that Kant’s love comes from reason, whereas Kierkegaard’s is spiritual. For this reason Kant’s idea seems more logical to the rational human being. Kant doesn’t believe in forced love, he believes in a choice to put either love of humanity or love of oneself at the fore. Kierkegaard’s idea of loving as a moral duty is contradictory at its heart, because how can you love if you don’t have a choice who to love? If you ‘love’ everyone it stops being love because love is defined by its opposite. How can there be love without hate? If it can’t exist, then how feasible is Kierkegaard’s idea? This is the main problem with Kierkegaard, because his observations come from his faith. In the real world, love should come from understanding, not dogma. If there is no understanding, it’s like a slavery of the mind. Works Cited Immanuel Kant, â€Å"Lectures on Ethics†, Ethics. Trans. Louis Infield, Harper Torchbooks, The Cloister Library, Harper & Row Publishers, New York and Evanston. Soren Kierkegaard, â€Å"Works of Love†, Thou Shalt Love Thy Neighbor. Trans. David F. Swenson & Lillian Marvin Swenson, Princeton – New Jersey, Princeton University Press.

3.05 Fireside Poets Assignment

What metaphors does Holmes use to describe the ship in stanzas one and two of â€Å"Old Ironsides†? Long has it waved on high, Beneath it rung the battle shout, and burst the cannon's roar, and no more shall feel the victor's tread. In 1830, the 44-gun American warship Constitution, the inspiration for â€Å"Old Ironsides,† was scheduled to be scrapped – that is, stripped of everything valuable or reasonable. What proposal is put forth by Holmes, in the last stanza of his poem? Holmes is saying it would be more respectable to take the ship out and sink her.What do you think Holmes wants the ship to symbolize? The American warship Constitution. The term,†Harpies,† in line 15 of â€Å"Old Ironsides† is an allusion to predatory flying creatures in Greek mythology, which have bodies of vultures and heads of women. The name meant â€Å"snatchers† or â€Å"robbers. † Why do you think that Holmes uses this allusion in his poem? Basically he's saying the government robbed the Constitution of her glory. He is comparing the ship to an eagle and the harpies are picking at the leftovers.In Longfellow's â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls,† how does the title foreshadow the fact the traveler will not return? Well, the word fall is a metaphor for death, or failure. So, the second part of the title, The Tide Falls, basically says the traveler isn't gonna make it to the next day. Do you think Longfellow's poem is about one specific traveler, or could it apply to all in general? Explain your answer. It could be about one specific traveler, or all in general. All who dare to move under the cover of darkness aren't gonna succeed.Personification is a figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes. Cite an example of Longfellow's use of personification in â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls. † â€Å"But the sea, the sea in darkness calls; The little waves, with thei r soft, white hands† How does the division into stanzas reflect the passage of time in the poem? Example: Stanza One presents twilight darkening into night. What do stanzas two and three represent? The second stanza represents the darkest part of the night, and the third represents morning light.