Long Project Design Essay Example

Long Project Design Essay The database will be made in Microsoft Access. The other option is to use is to use Microsoft Excel to do the database but it wouldnt allow me to do a relational database. I need a relational database so that information doesnt need to be entered over and over again like what Michael has to do at the moment. I also looked at various advantages for using Access, which Ive stated below. Furthermore, making a database will accomplish the criteria of being efficient and being able to be used over many years. To meet the needs of the user for an effective solution to his problems, I will need to make a database system that has forms, reports and queries. Additionally, I will also need to make mail merged letters for him. The forms are to solve his organisation problems and time wasting for editing, searching etc. The queries and reports are to solve his time wasting problem in finding things for himself and for customers. My solution will also have to fulfil all of Mr. Longs desires and all of the performance criteria. For my database, I will have the fields: ID, first name, surname, address, telephone number, and date of birth for the Customers table. This is so that it is clear and the different bits of information is organised. The logo will be given to me by Mr. Long. It represents the travel agency so people can easily recognise it. This is also one of the desires Michael had. Part of the performance criteria is to have 4 different tables to store information in. For the Destinations table, I will have the fields: Destination ID, Destination, Airline, and Airport. I think this is enough details for the different destinations and the only ones that are needed. For the Hotels table, I will put the fields: Hotel ID, Name, Address, and Hotel Grade. Furthermore, for the bookings table, I will put the fields: Bookings ID, Departure Date, Departure Time, Arrival Date, Arrival Time, Customer ID, Destination ID, and Hotel ID. This is because the information on customers, hotels and destinations will be linked to the bookings table through relationships. This way, the data doesnt have to be entered all the time. This is an automated process which is one of the performance criterions. The field I use will also fulfil some performance criterions. We will write a custom essay sample on Long Project Design specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Long Project Design specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Long Project Design specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of the criterions is to have tables linked so that it is a relational database. For the relationships, the customers, destinations and hotels tables will all be linked to the bookings table. The Customers ID field from the Customers table will link with the Customer ID field on the booking table. The Destination ID field on the Destinations table will link with the Destinations ID field on the Bookings table. And finally, the Hotel ID from the Hotels table will be linked to the Hotel ID in the bookings table. That performance criteria will now be achieved. For every one of the tables, a form will be made for it. This is because the user wants to be able to access data quickly and easily. By making a form, the information can be accessed, searched, edited, created and deleted easily and quickly. That desire will be achieved. Also, forms can be user friendly with the use of buttons which will make it easy to use. This was one of the desires. For all the forms, I will use the same background to give it a consistent and professional design. Michael desired this. I will also include the company logo to make the forms recognisable. The forms will display all the fields of the table so every bit of information is available for the user to see. I will also make buttons for the user to easily use to the system because it was one of the desires. This way, the user only needs to click on the buttons on the forms for their processes to be carried out. The buttons and logo will be at the same place for each of the forms. The bookings form will be a sub-form within a form. This is so that information on all of the other tables can be displayed in the bookings form. Furthermore, all of the forms can be reused by updating the information on them. By editing the information in the forms, the information in the tables will also be changed so the data will always be up to date. On all of the forms, I will have the Previous record and Next record button. This is because it will make it easier for the user to browse through the records that are there. Also, I will include the print and undo record buttons so the user can print a record and undo one at the click of a button. Furthermore, I will add save record, add record, search record, run word, run excel, close form and delete record buttons. This will save the user time because all they have to do is click the button instead of going through menus after menus. The run word and run excel button are just in case the user needs to access those programs for things such as calculating prices in excel or writing a simple letter in word. Furthermore, for the Destination form, I will also include a Print Destination Report button because Mr Long wants to be able to print a holiday list and I think the button will be able to save him time doing so. It will also solve the problem of photocopying flights to give to customers which is time consuming. Additionally, I will include a Print Hotels Report button on the Hotels form so it can be quickly printed and given to customers. I will also include Luxor Hotels, Cairo Hotels and Hong Kong Hotels buttons so that when a customer enquires about hotels in the countries that theyre interested in, the user can pull up that information with ease. The buttons themselves will open hotel queries that I will make. I will put all the buttons and logo on the forms in the same place so theres a consistent design. I will make a hotels query for each country that is on offer so that the user can quickly get hotels for a particular country rather than going through a list and picking out the relevant ones that are wanted. I will also make a customers query template because Mr Long would like to be able to enter an area and all his customers in that area will come up. I will show Mr Long how to change my template query in the user guide. Also, I will make a query template for destinations so that the user is able to find all the flights available to a particular destination. The instructions for doing this will also be in the user guide. Because Mr. Long wants to know all the customers that are born before 01/01/1955, I will make a query for customers who are born before 01/01/1955 because it needs to be known so that it can be merged with the letter Mr. Long wants to send out. All of these queries can be reused because only the criteria in the queries need to be changed. A main menu will be made where there will be buttons that, when clicked, will open the other forms. This will make my database system easier to use. The main menu will have the same background as the other forms. It will contain a Customers, Hotels, Destinations and Bookings button. I will need to add the logo in it as well. The name of the travel agency will also need to be put on so that it is easily recognised. These will fulfil some of Mr. Longs desires. To make the heading, I will use Microsoft Word. I will choose the font Palace Script MT. After that I will copy it over to paint. In paint, I will fill the surrounding with turquoise. When that is done, I will copy it over to my main menu. I am going to create forms for each of the tables. The font for my forms will need to be clear and easy to read so it will prevent Michael and his staff from reading anything wrong. Also, Ill make the database user friendly so the end user, Michael Long and his staff wouldnt have any troubles to get the hang of it. On the database, the fields must have the correct type of data. For example, the field First name must have the type of data: text. This will minimise the mistakes being entered because you wouldnt be able to put a date of birth in a first name field. The colour of the database will need to be according to the end users preference and I will make a questionnaire to find out a little more about Mr Longs preferences. For the DOB field, I will need to put a validation on it to stop the user from putting in any future dates. This will minimise incorrect data being entered. I will also add queries to allow the user to access certain information quickly as speed is highly wanted . I will also need to put a password onto the database or tell Michael how to do it himself to stop strangers from accessing the database. I need to do this because Michael requested some sort of security system. In my Analysis, I stated that my database should be able to give print outs for the customers on flights and hotels available. To do this, I will need to make reports on the destinations and hotels available so they can be printed off and given to customers. The reports will all have the same style design (corporate) to make it easily recognisable and associated with this business. I am also going to make a customers report because Mr. Long wants to be able to print a destinations, hotels and a customers list. All these reports can be reused because whenever a piece of information in changed in any of the forms or tables, the reports are automatically updated. I am going to make mail merged letters in Microsoft Word because Mr. Long wants an easier and more efficient way of sending letters. For the mail merge letters, I am going to put: Lees Holidays at the top of the letter. Then I am going to put the logo on the top left of the page. This is so that when the customers receive the letter; they will know who its from straight away. I am then going to insert the date on the right hand side so that every time the letter is needed, the date on the letter is automatically changed. This is another automated process which makes it easier for the user to use. I will also make a margin on the left, running all the way down the page. In the margin, I will have the name of the owner, the address, the telephone number and the fax number. After that, I will include the fields: Customer ID, First Name, Surname, Address, Area and Telephone using the mail merge help feature. Then I will write up the contents of the letter talking about the special offer Mr. Long is offering. At the bottom of the letter, I will put Mr. Longs signature. He requested this. The font of the letter will be Papyrus and the font size will be 10. All of this will fulfil the performance criteria for the mail merge letters. These mail merge letters are reusable because the template can be used over and over again. The query just needs to be changed and then the mail merge letters will change. I will make a first draft of the database a show it to Mr Long so he can give me some feedback about it. He will also be able to give me any preferences that he would like to have such as the layout the functions of the buttons. Why Microsoft Access is suitable for this project: Before I use Microsoft Access to actually build the tables, forms, and other objects that will make up the database, it is important to take time to design my database. Whether I am using a Microsoft Access database or a Microsoft Access project, good database design is the keystone to creating a database that does what you want it to do effectively, accurately and efficiently. In Access, I am able to: * Make queries to filter information * Make sub forms to display information in related forms * Make command buttons to link to other forms and carry out tasks for the user * Make a main menu for my travel agency database * Make validations to stop wrong DOB from being entered and to stop wrong departure date being entered Why Microsoft Word is suitable for this project: 1) Input text include fields and relevant addresses 2) Merge text from databases include information the customer requests 3) Importing and editing pictures make the letter look interesting and provide any information only pictures can give. 4) Use colour make the letter look more attractive and interesting 5) Use clip art make the letter look more professional 6) Font, font size and colour make the letter look more professional and interesting. Also, make certain important information stand out more. 7) Add borders make the letter look more professional. I will draw the design of my on forms and tables a piece of A4 paper. After I have done all this, I will test it to see if it works properly. Also, I will need to decide on the colours I will use for the database and see if the colours are acceptable to the client. The colours the client wants should be used for the background and the name of the travel agency. Testing When I have finished the database, I will carry out this test and give it to someone else to do just to double check it to see if I missed anything. I will need to check that: All the hotels, customers and destinations are correct recheck to see if there are any mistakes or missing pieces of data The validations to see if it comes up when an inappropriate date is entered enter a future date for the DOB field and see what happens, enter past date for the Departure Date field and see what happens Command buttons to see if they work properly click on each button and see if the right process is carried out The password works correctly entering the password and seeing if the database opens after All the queries give the correct results carrying out the queries myself All the results of the DOB query goes onto the mail merge letters check the query results and letters All the desires and performance criteria has been fulfilled check the performance criteria and desires and then seeing if my solution has done all of this The end user is happy with the solution asking Mr. Long User Feedback Questionnaire 1) Do you like the current colour of the database? If not, please state the colour desired. Yes No, change to _____________ 2) Is the database easy to use? Yes No 3) Are you happy with the logo and name or do you want me to change the sizes and positions? Yes, happy No, change it 4) Are you happy with the way the letter looks? Yes No 5) Would you like more buttons on the forms? Yes No 6) Are there any particular queries you would like me to make? Yes No 7) Are there any other additional things you need the database to have or do? If so, please state on the lines below. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ User Feedback: Having showed my initial design to Mr. Long and giving him my questionnaire, he has provided me with the following input to improve the design and layout, making it more user-friendly and appropriate to his needs. * Take off the current plain colour background and change it to a photo * Change it to a nice photo that is blue because his favourite colour is blue * Make the logo bigger on the forms and put it at the bottom of the forms * Make more buttons on the forms to make it even easier to use * Stretch out the bookings sub-form a bit more so he doesnt need to scroll much

Scoliosis Prevention essays

Scoliosis Prevention essays Why in the world do the people of today suffer from medical conditions that are completely preventable? Why are we not getting up and taking the time to make sure that our bodies are healthy and growing properly? It is ridiculous that society sits around and does not take care of them selves, and then wonders where all these health problems come from. Year after year schools offer to their students the wonderful opportunity of medical examinations. These physicals check for dozens of different medical conditions that could affect the student currently, or even somewhere in their future. Unfortunately, many of the students who go through these exams are obligated to do so because they are required to in order to try out for a certain sports team. Athletes should not be the only kids who get the advantage of these incredibly important exams. The reason why I stress this so much is that it is so important for young adults because of the fact that their bodies are still in a growing stage and it is crucial at this time in their lives to make sure that everything is developing properly. One medical condition that hits a great majority of our population is called scoliosis, and this condition goes unknown because of the fact that we do not have enough examinations, and therefore we cannot give students enough opportunities to have their spinal development inspected. Scoliosis is a horrible medical condition, and if we had more teens getting physical exams, this would prevent many unnecessary surgeries and pain in the future. Scoliosis is a medical term taken from a Greek word meaning curvature. This disease is known to develop in young adults between the ages of 15-18 causing the spine to curve laterally (to the side) to the left or right. (Dawson) Scoliosis is diagnosed once a persons spine has a curvature of at least 10 degrees. The progression of the curve usually starts anywhere in a persons ch...

Love is like a Battlefield Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Love is like a Battlefield - Essay Example Clearly and evidently shown through the words and the lyrics of the song/poem, â€Å"Battlefield† is a story about two lovers who experience constant arguing and fighting. That is the main plot of the whole story. Lines such as â€Å"We could pretend that we are friends tonight† suggest that the two were in conflict and were fighting during that time. This poem basically, is an expression of confusion and perplexity of love between two people put into words. At first, their love is going smoothly, the relationship is okay, and it is great. However all of a sudden, they find themselves fighting and arguing endlessly against one another. This is shown in the second half of the very first line, which says, â€Å"One minute its love and suddenly its like a battlefield.† The person who is saying this is starting to become aware of what is happening in their relationship with each other. He or she feels as if their love, which was going steady and was strong in the beginning, is turning into a war where both are struggling and he or she is at a loss, and is deeply feeling crushed and overwhelmed by the situation that is happening between them. In reality, this is inevitable. When one is in a relationship with another, there were would always be certain times when one or the other, or both deem as if love is starting to feel like a battlefield or a combat zone, instead of love that is a strong bond between two people who deeply love one another. A military battlefield is described as a place where in two opposing and contrasting forces are armed with different kinds of weapons and fight against one another in the hope and goal of defeating the other. In a battle, one gains victory when the other is either defeated, surrenders or retreats. Considering this fact, the poem is exactly describing a battle, a battle not of military conquest involving armies, but a battle of love. When two lovers disagree or are opposing each other in terms of feelings of trust and faith,

HomeLand Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HomeLand Security - Essay Example The course content in the introduction relates to the general framework which QHSR operates in general1. The second course, The Unconventional Threat to Homeland Security, how terrorism operate and how there organized in terms of the extremists behind them and the groups. How they are formed and the transnational nature of the people within the United States operating as individuals and groups. This people raise money and raise money to use and all motivators behind terrorism with all the political organizations who fund these terrorists. The QHSR examines terrorists who act alone in home soil and how Al-Qaeda, Hezbollah, and Al-Shabaab were formed. The funders of these organizations have been governments sympathizing with these terrorist organizations and the vision of QHSR is to try to dismantle these organizations. Further, intelligence community needs to understand the course on intelligence to on how these organizations operate. The course offers substantive skills on information gathering at all levels in countering and deterring from happening2. The CHDS offers research and critical writing are part of the course. Research writing and homeland security and Research Colloquium are the two courses offered dealing with it. The courses train students on how to write strong thesis which relate the practical nature of terrorism with policy framework that deals with counter terrorism, it relates academics with the practice. The basis of the two courses tries to equip students with skills of overall terrorism contexts. QHSR policy framework needs implementation by use of appropriate technology in a manner as to attain proper preventive mechanism and storing relevant data that can be used to help in the training process. The institution offers use of technology as a core course because the terrorist on our times employs technology to organize the crimes and implement.

Causes of PSE and DFD Meats and Treatments

Causes of PSE and DFD Meats and Treatments What is PSE DFD meat? The terms pale, soft and exudative PSE and dark, firm and dry DFD describe two undesired quality characteristics that can be exhibited in the meat from most species of meat producing animals. However the PSE condition is predominantly found in pigs whilst the DFD condition occurs across all species. Within this essay the incidence rates of both PSE /DFD, the causative factors, consequences and commercial factors as well as prevention shall be considered. Pictures of the two conditions can be seen in fig 1. These undesirable conditions are very important when considering both functional and specified meat quality. They are significant factors that contribute to the economic, social and environmental wellbeing of the entire sector and encompass wide ranging issues affecting meat production, profits, yields, animal welfare considerations, processing, customer perception, consumption, food safety, spoilage, waste and levels of carbon dioxide production. Both conditions affect the colour of meat, as it can be considered abnormally pale or dark relative to what is considered normal. Colour is one of the major discriminatory factors in a buyers selection, excessively pale or dark meat is unlikely to be purchased. The texture of the meat with PSE and DFD is also affected detrimentally leading to unacceptable levels of softness or firmness. Undesired changes in water holding capacity of the meat occur, leading to problems in processing and the commercial yields of products, as well as detrimental effects on the sensory attributes of meat such as juiciness or succulence. There is thought to be a link between DFD and a lack of flavour in a cooked product. The development of both PSE and DFD meat can be associated with earlier development of rigormortis  [1]  . Products may subjectively exhibit one or more of the descriptive characteristics e.g. too pale or too dark, too soft or too firm, too exudative or too dry relative to the characteristics of normal meat. Normal acidification of muscles after an animal is slaughtered occurs through glycolysis. Glycogen and creatine phosphate are depleted. Glycogen conversion to lactic acid is described here. C6H10O5 +H2Oà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  2C3H6O3 There is no oxygen for aerobic metabolic processes to occur. The circulatory system can no longer remove lactic acid and it accumulates within the muscle. The abnormal conditions of PSE and DFD are linked to abnormally high or low acidity, thus the pH value of the meat can be used to more objectively describe the conditions at different times after slaughter (table 1). However these values can be different in different muscles within a carcass and different packaging methods may affect pH values. Accurate pH recordings are also particularly difficult with various methods having various problems such as lack of homogeneity of sample, fat smearing, dilution of sample etc. Using objective indices of PSE and DFD tends to produce higher estimates of the prevalence of the conditions in a population than using subjective assessment.  [2]  Subjective methods of gauging DFD / PSE using people may be less sensitive. People may only be able to judge the extremes of the conditions. There appears to be an increase in the levels of incidence of PSE and DFD. Within the United Kingdom one quarter of pigs may show evidence of PSE and one tenth DFD. The cost of PSE to the American pork industry was estimated at 30 million dollars in 1992, that of DFD pork 0.2 million dollars  [3]  estimated at 16% and 10% of total United States production respectively. This gives an indication of the economic significance of the problems. The levels of glycogen available in the muscle prior to slaughter will determine the ultimate pH. These levels can be changed through stress, theses stresses prior to slaughter are the main factors involved in causing the PSE and DFD conditions. Although there are genetic, muscle composition and processing factors that can be instrumental, these shall be discussed later and these ultimately link to abnormalities in post mortem acidification of the muscles anyway, the effects of long term and short term stress shall be considered now. It is well known that the handling of meat animals prior to slaughter is not only important from a welfare point of view but also affects the quality of the resulting meat  [4]  . It has also been known for many years that hunted animals keep less well than those kept in relative calm conditions. With PSE the cause appears to be acute (or short term) stress to the animal prior to slaughter. This acute stress leads to rapid acidification as glycogen breaks down quickly after slaughter to give lactic acid, resulting in a low ultimate pH. If carcass temperatures are high e.g. within deep muscle regions of the carcass, or rates of cooling are not rapid enough, conditions can develop that allow denaturing of the proteins within these muscles. The muscles are characterised by having lower water holding capacity due to the myofibrillar components of the muscles shrinking. This expels fluids into the space between the muscle fibres. When cut the meat will exude or lose this fluid, this is called drip. Excessive drip represents a loss in total yield but is also unsightly in shelf ready packaging and less likely to be purchased by a potential consumer. The paler appearance of PSE meat is likely due to the different refractive index of the myofibrils and the sarcoplasm. The reduction in the size of the myofilament lattice increases the light reflected from the meat, less light is absorbed by the meat, more is reflected and crucially blood pigments like myoglobin absorb less green light making the meat look more yellow as opposed to red. Also the low ultimate pH promotes oxidation of myoglobin and oxyglobin to metmyoglobin which makes the meat appear browner rather than red or purple. Again this discoloration makes the product less likely to be purchased at point of sale DFD is caused by chronic (or long term) stress to the animal. Glycogen levels are depleted prior to death, meaning that less glycogen is converted to lactic acid after slaughter and the ultimate pH of the meat remains high. Being closer to pH neutral there are significant issues with potential spoilage organisms and food borne pathogens as well as the quality issues discussed here. With a high ultimate pH there is less denaturing of the proteins leading to increased binding of the fluids and less exudates or drip giving a firm dry appearance. The lattice of myofilaments which shrank in the case of PSE does not in the case of DFD. This means that the affects of the refractive index differences of the myofibrils and sarcoplasm are reduced. More light is absorbed with less reflected leading to a darker colour. The tightly packed structure with less extracellular space between the fibres means that less oxidation of the myoglobin can occur, surface oxidation only may occur as oxygen cannot permeate the structure, this leads to a thin translucent / red outside layer with the reduced purple myoglobin pigment predominantly showing through from underneath this thin layer. The stress factors to consider are many fold but are worth at this stage categorising as acute and chronic in terms fear, pain and physical stress and their potential affect on the PSE DFD conditions. These might include noise, temperature variations, fasting or starvation, overcrowding or being put with animals of different social groups. Practical causes of short term stress might include reaction to goading, striking, restraining systems or conveyors, long term stressors associated with DFD might include long transport journeys and being exposed to other social groups of animals for periods of time. Young Bulls and veal calves have been linked to higher incident rates of DFD perhaps due to storage conditions and their fractious nature when exposed to other social groups, respectively. Different species are known to show different sensitivities to different stress factors, for example sheep are known to be less sensitive to noise than pigs. With pigs in particular there appears to be a genetic link to them being susceptible to stress, this is sometimes known as porcine stress syndrome. It exists as a double recessive gene that when apparent as an abnormal homozygote can be exposed and witnessed as a reaction to Halothane. Typically pigs with this double recessive gene react by becoming rigid and tense as opposed to the usual symptoms of anaesthesia through halothane In pigs with this mutation, Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum at a rate that is equivalent to twice that of normal  [5]  Glycogen conversion to lactic acid happens much more readily and there are higher incidence of PSE amongst this genetic grouping. Measures to breed this characteristic out of pigs have been tried, it is thought that selective breeding for confirmation and fat level may have brought about this genetic mutation. The Halothane test does not work on the heterozygote parent and DNA tests are required to identify parents with the mutation to try and breed this sensitivity out. Another gene has been identified in certain strains of the Hampshire breed of pigs, known as the RN- gene. It is thought that this mutation increases the glycogen content of the white muscles that contain a higher number of glycolytic fibres, again resulting in post mortem rapid acidification leading to a lower pHu upon death leading to the PSE condition. There are other breed effects which can be demonstrated by a comparative study undertaken (Table 2) where traditional breeds were compared against modern commercially important breeds and an extreme of muscularity, this also seems to demonstrate a correlation between lighter more exudative muscles in those bred for confirmation or muscularity. In the search for modern breeds of the desired confirmation, stress susceptibility may have also been bred in. Even within the defined subjective and objective norms there are variations of colour, texture, pH and water holding capacity within different muscles of the carcasses of all species. The muscles affected by a particular stressor may be specific to a region of the anatomy rather than throughout the entire carcass. A particularly undesirable effect can be seen in the two tone appearance of meat, where the PSE, DFD and normal conditions can be exhibited in the extreme within a single carcass. An animal that is susceptible to PSE may exhibit DFD characteristics in those muscles that have been subject to long term stressors and thus have glycogen depletion prior to death. However some of the other muscles e.g. m. longissimus dorsi, within the same pig that are less likely to have glycogen depletion may exhibit the PSE condition. Processing methods can also have an effect, carcass cooling regimes that dont achieve deep muscle temperatures that are cold enough or at the wrong cooling rates can contribute to the conditions required to denature the proteins and exhibit the PSE condition. Howard and Lawrie (1956) found that the rate of pH fall post mortem was inversely proportional to the tenderness of the meat on subsequent cooking  [6]  Animal handling systems, shearing washing, crushing etc will have a direct effect on the levels of glycogen within the muscle systems and so ultimately the levels of PSE DFD occurring. Being able to measure stress indicators and indices of PSE DFD is critical if there is to be an understanding of the prevention of stress and therefore a reduction in the incidence of PSE and DFD in meat. Measurements of the level blood lactic acid, levels of creatine kinase and the electrical characteristics of pork through electrical impedance can give good objective indicators. Levels of cortisol, creatine kinase, pH and colour characteristics measured through online light reflectance spectrophotometrey can give objective PSE DFD measurements. Signs of stress in the animals can give ante mortem indications. These might be obvious in the case of fallen or injured stock but may also include levels of vocalisation, mounting, biting etc as less obvious indicators. Identifying an reducing these conditions is the key in improving functional and specified meat quality, most of the work undertaken to reduce the levels of PSE and DFD is involved in improving welfare conditions of animals in the short and longer term leading up to slaughter. It is a difficult process to reduce stressors, even with very careful handling the animals are subject to a degree of stress. Keeping handling to a minimum is the ideal situation, carefully controlling transport, design of transport to prevent loading and unloading stress, training and certification schemes to improve the skills and knowledge of animal handlers. With pigs it would be better to avoid breeding the susceptible genotypes although as seen there appears to be a direct correlation between improved confirmation and musculature and the stress susceptibility mutation. Keeping animals, especially young bulls in their own social groups would seem to be a logical preventative measure but can be very difficul t to achieve. Physical measures like cooling pigs with water sprays and covering the pens of young bulls may help stop such stress behaviour as fighting and mounting, adding supplements to feed and watering systems prior to slaughter in order to try and replenish glycogen levels may be one way in order to reduce the number of incidence of PSE , DFD as may using tranquilisers and muscle relaxants, however there are issues of potential residues in meat as well as negatively effecting the quality expectations of the consumer by treating an animal in this way. In conclusion to reduce the levels of PSE DFD in meat of all species a combined approach of improving welfare conditions, reducing fear, physical stress and pain, training and education staff, as well as online monitoring and feedback to key stakeholders is required. Carcass cooling rates should be closely controlled. There is a need to develop new methods of objective measurement, both as soon as possible after slaughter and at point of sale, emerging technologies such as near infra red spectrophotometrey, nuclear magnetic resonance, developments in immunoassay techniques and genetic markers may help us identify and prevent the causes of PSE and DFD. Linking the relationship of animal welfare and profit is very important, Traditionally it has been thought that increasing welfare means increasing costs, for example in stocking densities of transport. In seeing that increasing welfare conditions could actually be a profitable activity, aiding reduced quality complaints, increased yiel ds, better sales and less waste there is an opportunity to have large positive impact on the well being of the whole meat sector. there are few, if any, figures comparing the overall economics of these alternatives. However it seems the net effect of greater care could often be greater profitability  [7]  .

Academic Objectives Essay

By the time I attend the graduation ceremony of University of Phoenix, there are three academic objectives I would like to accomplish. First and foremost, I would like to get a bachelor’s degree in psychology. Secondly, I would like to become a better writer. Last, I would like to become a better communicator so that I can network with people who are in the same career and field of work as me. With lots of dedication, hard work and completion of my classes, these are three goals I intend to complete. Receiving a bachelor’s degree in psychology from the University of Phoenix is my first academic objective. I get one step closer to my goal by attending all my classes, completing my assignments with a passing grade, and doing the best at passing all my exams. Today, having a bachelor’s degree is like having a high school diploma. Most jobs require or prefer some type of degree from a person when hiring. Like Achieve said, â€Å"Much has been said about the importance of increasing the labor supply for ‘middle skills jobs,’ or those jobs that now (compared to decades past) require more than a high school education but less than a bachelor’s degree (e. g., associate degree, postsecondary certificate, apprenticeship, etc. )† (Achieve, 2012) I recently applied for a job as a personal therapist to children with disabilities. When it came down to the interviewing and hiring portion, I was not able to get the job because I still have not received my bachelor’s degree. It was tough hearing the news but it really motivated and pushed me to go back to school and finish my degree. A bachelor’s degree has now become a necessity rather than a choice for me. Becoming a better writer would not only help in school but also in the world after graduation. Beginning with the Gen 200 class, one main focus there is writing. Whether it is writing a paper or doing a project, it is important to know where a person is making mistakes and where he or she is doing a good job. I find myself having to refresh my memory with all the writing rules and regulations. I have to go back to what I learned in high school and in the college courses to remember what I need to know when it comes to writing. Having the proper knowledge of what a perfect paper looks like will be as important in school as it will be in the real world. If a person is required to submit a report for work, he or she wants to be fully prepared so he or she does not look like a fool to the boss and coworkers. Good writers do not just happen. Good writers work hard at becoming who they are and are not afraid to ask questions. Never being afraid to ask questions or ask for help will make me a better writer and a better student. Constantly finding myself writing papers and doing assignments that involve writing will help me achieve my second academic goal of becoming a better writer. Communication and networking are really important in a career life. The better of a communicator and net worker a person is, the better chances the person will have to escalate. In school one gets graded partly on how well he or she communicate in class, whether he or she talks, participate or just stay quiet and not say anything. But in the real world, one does not get graded on how good he or she communicates. One gets ascended or promoted if he or she is a good communicator and are not shy to speak up when needed. According to the journal The Importance of Communication, â€Å"There is a sheer necessity for personal effectiveness that stems from effective communication. Time and again researchers have reinforced the importance of communication and its impact at the workplace. † (Radhaswamy & Zia, 2011) If one is always being open and communicative, then networking should not be a problem. I want to not only be a good communicator and net worker, I also want to be a good listener to be able to get places and become someone. In order to fulfill my academic objectives, I need a plan to incorporate effective strategies for success as a student. How am I going to accomplish my goals and get them done? By me attending my classes and passing them, I get one step closer to receiving my bachelor’s degree. I need to push myself to do my best in all the assignments and test so I can pass all my courses. Each class requires students to complete papers and assignments that need to be written. With that in mind, I will be able to perfect my writing skills. I have to remember to proofread all my papers and really strive for the best. To become a better communicator and net worker, I need to put myself out there so other can get to know me. I need to find a mentor that is in the same career field as I am, so that that person can not only guide me but also help me when I need it. Nothing will get done I am willing to fully commit in achieving my academic objectives. The three academic objectives I would like to accomplish by graduation are not just to be a good student but also to set myself for greater things in life. Getting my bachelor’s degree, becoming a better writer and a better communicator/net worker are very important to me. With those three academic objectives, I will become a better employee, person and student. They are three essential things that any person can use in their lives to get further in their careers. I know with the motivation, want to succeed, and push from those around me, I can accomplish my three academic goals from here to graduation day. References Achieve, I. C. (2012). The Future of the U. S Workforce: Middle Skills Jobs and the Growing Importance of Postsecondary Education. Achieve, Inc. Radhaswamy, P. , & Zia, A. (2011). The Importance of Communication. IUP Journal Of Soft Skills, 5(4), 52-56.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet Essay

Many people fear the Internet because of its disadvantages. They claim to not use the Internet because they are afraid of the possible consequences or are simply not interested. People who have yet connected to the Internet claim they are not missing anything. Today’s technological society must realize that it is up to them to protect themselves on the Internet. Children using the Internet have become a big concern. Most parents do not realize the dangers involved when their children connect to the Internet. When children are online, they can easily be lured into something dangerous. For example, children may receive pornography online by mistake; therefore, causing concern among parents everywhere. Whether surfing the Web, reading newsgroups, or using email, children can be exposed to extremely inappropriate material. To keep children safe, parents and teachers must be aware of the dangers. They must actively guide and guard their children online. There are a number of tools available today that may help keep the Internet environment safer for children. Musicians are also concerned with disadvantages to the Net such as, accessibility and freedom. They are upset because the Internet provides their music online at no charge to consumers. File-sharing services, such as Napster, provide copyrighted songs to all Internet users. The main concern is the music is free! Musicians feel they are not getting paid for their work. Because of Napster, it is almost impossible to close down all file-sharing services because there are too many of them to count. Another major disadvantage of the Internet is privacy. Electronic messages sent over the Internet can be easily tracked, revealing who is talking to whom and what they are talking about. As people surf the Internet, they are constantly giving information to web sites. People should become aware that the collection, selling, or sharing of the information they provide online increases the chances that their information will fall into the wrong hands. When giving personal information on the Internet, people should make sure the Web site is protected with a recognizable security symbol. On the other hand, this does not mean they are fully protected because anyone may obtain a user’s information. In other words, the most common Internet crimes are frauds. Today, not only humans getting viruses, but computers are also. Computers are mainly getting these viruses from the Internet, yet viruses may also be transferred through floppy disks. However, people should mainly be concerned about receiving viruses from the Internet. Some of these dangerous viruses destroy the computer’s entire hard drive, meaning that the user can no longer access the computer. Virus protection is highly recommended. Despite all of the terrible disadvantages of the Internet, there are numerous advantages. In fact, the advantages weigh out the disadvantages. The most common thing the Internet is used for is research. Children and students are among the top people who use the Internet for research. Nowadays, it is almost required that students use the Internet for research. The Internet has become one of the biggest sources for research. Almost everyday, research on medical issues becomes easier to locate. Web sites have become available for people to research diseases and talk to doctors online at sites such as, America’s Doctor. Entertainment is another popular reason why many people surf the Internet. Downloading games, going into chat rooms or just surfing the Web are some of the uses people have discovered. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the Internet at no charge. Chat rooms are popular because users can meet new and interesting people. In fact, the Internet has been used by people to find life long partners. When people surf the Web, there are numerous things that can be found. Music, hobbies, news and more can be found on the Internet. Another popular thing to do on the Internet is to check out the news. Almost all local news can be obtained through the Internet. Up to date sports scores are probably the most popular looked at news. Sports scores are updated on the Internet as soon as the game ends. Weather is also a popular source to look up on the Internet. Using the Internet to get the weather allows people to view weather all over the world. Live radar all over the country and local forecasts are just to name a few of the things that may be obtained for weather information on the Internet. Shopping online has also become a huge success and is considered a great advantage of the Internet. No matter what people are shopping for, it can be found on the Internet. People do not even have to leave their homes. A few companies have collected millions of dollars using the Internet for selling. Clothing is probably one of the most bought items online. Almost every major clothing store has its on Web site. In fact, In US, people can even go grocery shopping online using such sites as Priceline.com. Just one click of the mouse on the items they want to purchase and the items are delivered to their front door. Unfortunately, this kind of service is not yet available in Malaysia for the time being. Groceries and clothing are only a few of the items that may be bought on the Internet. In conclusion, today’s society is in the middle of a technological boom. People can either choose to take advantage of this era, or simply let it pass them by. The Internet is a very powerful tool. It has many advantages; however, people need to be extremely aware of the disadvantages as well.